WCMP (170702N)

Wireless Communication and Mobile Programming (170702N)

syllabus 

Mobile Computing Introduction

History of Wireless Communications, Types, propagation modes Wireless network architecture, Applications, Security, Concerns and Standards, Benefits, Future. Evolution of mobile computing, What mobile users need, SOC and AOC client, Mobile computing OS, Architecture for mobile computing, Three tier architecture, design considerations for mobile computing, mobile computing through internet, making existing applications Mobile-Enabled.

Mobile Technologies

Bluetooth, Radio frequency identification(Rfid),Wireless Broadband, Mobile IP: Introduction, Advertisement, Registration, TCP connections, two level addressing, abstract mobility management model, performance issue, routing in mobile host, Adhoc networks, Mobile transport layer: Indirect TCP, Snooping TCP, Mobile TCP, Time out freezing, Selective retransmission, transaction oriented TCP. ,IPv6 Global system for mobile communication, Global system for mobile communication, GSM architecture, GSM entities, call routing in GSM,PLMN interface, GSM addresses and identifiers, network aspects in GSM,GSM frequency allocation, authentication and security, Short message services, Mobile computing over SMS,SMS, value added services through SMS, accessing the SMS bearer

General packet radio service(GPRS)

GPRS and packet data network, GPRS network architecture, GPRS network operation, data services in GPRS, Applications of GPRS, Billing and charging in GPRS

Wireless Application Protocol(WAP) WAP,MMS,GPRS application CDMA and 3G

Spread-spectrum Technology, CDMA versus GSM, Wireless data, third generation networks, applications in 3G Wireless LAN, Wireless LAN advantages,IEEE802.11 standards ,Wireless LAN architecture, Mobility in Wireless LAN, Deploying Wireless LAN, Deploying Wireless LAN, Mobile ad hoc networks and sensor networks, wireless LAN security, WiFi v/s 3G Voice over Internet protocol and convergence, Voice over IP,H.323 framework for voice over IP,SIP, comparison between H.323 ad SIP, Real time protocols, convergence technologies, call routing, call routing, voice over IP applications, IMS, Mobile VoIP, Security issues in mobile Information security, security techniques and algorithms, security framework for mobile environment

Books

Asoke K Telukder, Roopa R Yavagal, TMH
The complete reference J2ME, - TMH
Programming for Mobile and Remote Computers, G. T. Thampi, - dreamtech
Handbook of Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing, Ivan Stojmenovic , - Wiley
Principles of Mobile Computing, - Hansmann, Merk, Nicklous and Stober, - Springer
Mobile Communications, Jochen Schiller, - Pearson
Mobile Computing, Raj Kamal, - Oxford
Mobile Computing, Wandra & Wandra, - Akshat Pub.
Android Wireless Application Development, Shane Conder, Lauren Darcey, - Pearson
Professional Android 2 Application development, Reto Meier, Wrox, - Wiley India Exam paper

http://gtuinfo.in/Files/ExamPapers/BE/Sem-VII/170702/170612-170702-Mobile%20Computing.pdf
http://gtuinfo.in/Files/ExamPapers/BE/Sem-VII/170702/171011-170702-Mobile%20Computing.pdf
http://gtuinfo.in/Files/ExamPapers/BE/Sem-VII/170702/171212-170702-Mobile%20Computing.pdf
http://gtuinfo.in/Files/ExamPapers/BE/Sem-VII/170702/171305-170702-Mobile%20Computing.pdf
http://gtuinfo.in/Files/ExamPapers/BE/Sem-VII/170702N/171305-170702N-Wireless%20Communication%20and%20Mobile%20Programming.pdf

for seminar topic click hear

for Lesson Plan Click hear

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Unit 1

Explain difference between SOC & AOC.

Mobile technology can be implemented with Sometimes Qn Connectivity (SOC) to mobile devices or Always On Connectivity (AOC). BSI(Broadcast signal intrusion ) Consulting coined SOC and AOC terminology in order to effectively describe to our clients the communications frequency and performance: capabilities of alternatives for mobile computing solutions. SOC clients can wotk effectively in a disconnected mode and take advantage of wireless or wired connections when they are available while AOC clients must be connected all or most of the time to be effective.

SOC clients have the ability to store large amounts of data on the mobile device and provide the user with a complete application solution even when the user does not have a wireless or wired data connection. Data updates can occur when wireless, Internet dialup, network or desktop synchronization connections are available. Regardless of connectivity, productive work can proceed.

Data updates, when they do occur, can be fast bursts of small amounts of data rather than entire screen images that AOC clients employ. SOC client technology typically requires a Pocket-PC or WinCE (Windows Embedded Compact)device in order to have sufficient processing power and data storage capability.

AOC clients have small amounts of data or no data on board the device. AOC clients require a wireless connection that is always on to be able to access data and the user interface, or screen image. AOC clients typically use a browser for application interactions. Internet-like HTML or WAP is employed by the browser to view web pages that are especially designed for. the smaller screens of mobile devices. AOC clients require transmission of the data and screen image for each user action. Consequently, mobile workers need a wireless connection constantly available in order to effectively use AOC client mobile devices.

Generation	Definition	Throughput/	Technology	Time period	Features
		Speed
1G	Analog	14.4 Kbps (peak)	AMPS,NMT,TACS	1970 – 1980	During 1G Wireless phones are used forvoice only.
2G	Digital Narrow band circuit data	9.6/14.4 Kbps	TDMA,CDMA	1990 to 2000	2G capabilities are achieved by allowingmultiple users on a single channel via multiplexing.During 2G Cellular phones are used for data also along with voice.
2.5G	Packet Data	171.2 Kbps(peak)	GPRS	2001-2004	In 2.5G theinternet becomes popular and data becomes more relevant.2.5GMultimedia services and streaming starts to show growth.Phones start supportingweb browsingthough limited and very few phones have that.
		20-40 Kbps
3G	Digital Broadband Packet Data	3.1 Mbps (peak)	CDMA 2000	2004-2005	3G has Multimedia services supportalong with streaming are more popular.In 3G, Universal access andportability across different device types are made possible. (Telephones, PDA’s, etc.)
		500-700 Kbps	(1xRTT, EVDO)
			UMTS, EDGE
3.5G	Packet Data	14.4 Mbps (peak)	HSPA	2006 – 2010	3.5G supports higher throughput and speeds to support higher data needs of the consumers.
		1-3 Mbps
4G	Digital Broadband Packet	100-300 Mbps (peak)	WiMax	Now (Read more onTransitioning to 4G)	Speeds for 4G are further increased to keep up with data access demand used by various services.High definition streaming is now supported in 4G. New phones with HD capabilities surface. It gets pretty cool.In 4G,Portability is increased further.World-wide roaming is not a distant dream.
	All IP	3-5 Mbps	LTE
	Very high throughput	100 Mbps (Wi-Fi)	Wi-Fi
5G	Not Yet	Probably gigabits	Not Yet	Soon (probably 2020)	Currently there is no 5G technology deployed. When this becomes available it will provide very high speeds to the consumers. It would also provide efficient use of available bandwidth as has been seen through development of each new technology.
				Update:Samsung conducts tests on 5G

Type of OS

Row #	Search Icons	Title	Image	Description
1		Android		A free and open source Linux based operating system for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Initially developed by Android, Inc., which Google backed financially and eventually bought.
2		iOS		Apple's proprietary operating system for iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad and Apple TV (2nd generation).
3		BlackBerry OS		A proprietary mobile operating system developed by BlackBerry Ltd. It is the predecessor of the BlackBerry 10 mobile operating system.
4		BlackBerry 10		Proprietary mobile operating system developed for BlackBerry smartphones and tablets.
5		BlackBerry PlayBook OS		An operating system based on the QNX Neutrino real-time operating system designed to run Adobe AIR and BlackBerry WebWorks applications. Also known as BlackBerry Tablet OS.
6		Windows Phone		Series of proprietary mobile operating systems developed by Microsoft. The successor to the Windows Mobile platform.
7		Windows RT		A variant of the Windows 8 operating system for mobile devices.
8		Windows Mobile		A family of mobile operating systems developed by Microsoft for smartphones and Pocket PCs. Windows Mobile is the predecessor of Windows Phone.
9		Bada		An operating system developed by Samsung Electronics, for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers.
10		Symbian OS		A mobile operating system and computing platform designed for smartphones. It is currently maintained by Accenture, and was originally developed by Symbian Ltd.
11		Aliyun OS		A Linux distribution designed for smartphones, developed by AliCloud, a subsidiary of Chinese company Alibaba Group. Aliyun OS is also known as Yun OS.
12		Firefox OS		A Linux based open source operating system developed by Mozilla, for smartphones and tablet computers.
13		Ubuntu Touch		A mobile interface for Ubuntu developed by Canonical Ltd, designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers.
14		Nokia Asha		A mobile operating system and computing platform designed for low-end borderline smartphones. It is the successor of Series 40.
15		Palm OS		A mobile operating system initially developed by Palm, Inc., for personal digital assistants (PDAs). Palm OS is also known as Garnet OS.
16		Series 40		Proprietary operating system from Nokia. Also known as S40 OS.
17		Sailfish OS		Linux based mobile operating system developed by Jolla in cooperation with the Mer project and supported by the Sailfish Alliance.
18		GridOS		GridOS was built by Fusion Garage, using open source code from the Android kernel. It is the operating system of the Grid 4 mobile phone and Grid 10 tablet.
19		Mer project		Mer is fork of MeeGo, and is an open, mobile-optimised, core distribution aimed at device manufacturers.
20		Brew		BREW stands for Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless. It is an application development platform created by Qualcomm, originally for CDMA (code division multiple access) mobile phones.
21		SHR		SHR stands for Stable Hybrid Release. It is a community-driven Linux distribution for smartphones which is based on OpenEmbedded and the FSO framework.
22		webOS		A mobile operating system based on a Linux kernel, and was initially developed by Palm, which was later acquired by Hewlett-Packard and then LG Electronics.
23		Tizen		An open source operating system for smartphones, tablets, in-vehicle infotainment (IVI) devices, and smart TVs.
24		DangerOS		A largely Java-based operating system for the Danger Hiptop line of smartphones.
25		LiMo 4		An open source, hardware-independent, Linux based mobile operating system for smartphone mobile devices. It is from The LiMo Foundation, a non-profit technology consortium organisation.
26		Maemo		A software platform (based on the Debian Linux distribution), for smartphones and tablets.
27		MeeGo		A Linux based free mobile operating system designed for hardware platforms such as netbooks, entry-level desktops, nettops, tablet computers, mobile computing and communications devices, in-vehicle infotainment devices, SmartTV / ConnectedTV, IPTV-boxes, smart phones, and other embedded systems.
28		Nucleus RTOS		A real-time operating system (RTOS) and toolset created by the Embedded Systems Division of Mentor Graphics, and is designed for embedded systems applications including consumer electronics, set-top boxes, cellular phones, and other portable and handheld devices.

unit - 2

RFID https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1ux2ks8gEjzMBAP9eyJy3YgASSUROP6oGu0aGwJ1bSNg/edit?usp=sharing


TCP

GSM Vs CDMA Technology

GSM

GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communications. It came in the market in the mid of 1980’s and generally operates in the 900 and 1800-MHz bands. In U.S, it is operated on 1900-MHz band. The users of GSM use Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) cards for the connection with the service provider. SIM cards are small in size, with removable memories and hold a lot of data and numbers of identification which are required to access any wireless service provider. SIM card is bound with the network, instead of the handset. It can be easily interchanged with another GSM phone by just swapping it out. GSM works on the basis of Time division multiple access (TDMA). TDMA allots a specific time period on a specific frequency to the GSM. GSM network connections are considered better secured than CDMA. GSM divides its frequency bands into many channels, so that a large number of users can make a call through a single tower. GSM covers up to 82% of the global market.

Advantages

• There are numerous handsets and service providers available in the market.
• They come with a variety of plans with cheaper call rates, free messaging facility, limited free calls and so on.
• The quality of call in GSM is better and also better secured than CDMA.
• A number of value-added services such as GPRS, are making GSM a perfect choice.
• The consumption of power is less in GSM mobiles.
• With the tri- band GSM, one can use the phone anywhere around the world.

Disadvantages

• The per-unit charge on roaming calls is higher in GSM than CDMA.
• Calls made through GSM mobiles can be tampered.
• If the SIM gets lost, one can lose all the data, if the same is not saved in the phone.

CDMA

CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access technology, which is completely distinct from GSM system. CDMA is used as the second and third generations of the wireless communication. CDMA system operates on 800-MHz and 1900 MHz bands of frequency. In this system, voice signals are digitized over one another and the output is spread out over the whole frequency bandwidth with the sequence codes. The data is sent in small packets over a specific number of the discrete frequencies, which can be used anytime within the specified range. Thus, it is a form of spread spectrum. It does not use the SIM card, rather gives a specific serial number to the handsets. CDMA systems use multiple access schemes, which are pioneered by QUALCOMM, etc.

Advantages

• The call costs are cheaper than GSM.
• Call quality is better than GSM system.
• The phone calls are more secured because of the spread spectrum.

Disadvantages

• Very few number of CDMA handsets are available in the market.
• It has only a few service providers, which can be uncomfortable for the customers in case of low service level. 
• If you want to upgrade the CDMA phone carrier, you will have to deactivate the present one and activate the new. In doing so, the phone with the initial carrier becomes useless.
• If you are frequent overseas traveler, the CDMA coverage is sure to make you upset.

Now with this difference between GSM and CDMA, you can easily study which network connection will be more beneficial for you and thus, make a wise choice.


==============================================================================

Difference between GSM, GPRS, EDGE, 3G, WCDMA and HSDPA

It's a very basic and non-technical comparison.
GSM

GSM, stands for Global Systems for Mobile Communications, is basic standard bearer of 2G technologies. It is mainly used in mobile communication. Short Messaging System (SMS) was introduced into GSM networks along with capability to download content from various service providers. The content could ring tone, logos and picture messages.

It can support Voice telephony and Data however the Data rate is only 9.6Kb/s, that is very low bit rate for date communication.
GPRS

GPRS, stands for General Packet Radio Service, is used to give higher data speed over GSM. It is not the replacement of GSM. It is just a extension to the older GSM technology to gain faster speed.

Multimedia Messaging System or MMS is the feature of GPRS. It allowed subscribers to send videos, pictures, or sound clips to each other just like text messages. GPRS also provided mobile handset the ability to surf the Internet at dial-up speeds through WAP enabled sites.

GPRS offered higer bit rate ( Up to 171kb/s) by usage of A packet-linked technology over GSM.

EDGE

• EDGE stands for Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution. This technology, also termed as Enhanced GPRS.
• This is a technology that uses the same equipment as GSM with only a few minor modifications to provide faster data speeds and is often regarded as a stepping stone towards 3G thus it is called 2.5G.
• EDGE gives the users the inimitable chance to increase the throughput capacity and the data speed at least 3 to 4 times higher to what GPRS offers.
• EDGE is a digital mobile phone technology but GPRS is a mobile data service.
• It is a 3G Radio technology and GPRS or General Packet Radio Service is essentially packet oriented.

3G

• The introduction of 3G changed a lot of the accepted standards in the mobile phone industry. It allows the use of a greater bandwidth that allows more features to be implemented on it.
• 3G gives many features like video calls and TV applications because of the speed of 3G which began at 384kbps; well within DSL speeds. Further development on 3G technologies have also created even faster data rate reaching 3.6 and even 7.2Mbps.
• Existing GSM networks are not compatible with the 3G networks. To keep it, requires a new infrastructure.
• According to popularity and demand Telecom Operators place 3G towers in those areas.They have to operate 2 radios in particular areas; one for GSM and one for 3G.
• Mobile phone Users are also required to switch mobile phones in order to take advantage of the new features of 3G.

WCDMA

3G Networks are based on WCDMA i.e. Wideband Code Division Multiple Access, a mobile technology that improves upon the capabilities of current GSM networks.

HSDPA

HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) is what is also known as 3.5G, as it offers no substantial upgrade to the feature set of WCDMA, but improves the speed of data transmission to enhance those services.
WCDMA networks provides max 384kbps speed whileHSDPA allowed speeds above 384kbps, the most notable of which is 3.6Mbps and 7.2Mbps.

HSDPA has lower latency times and Fast Packet Scheduling compared to WCDMA.